Vector.Talks#1: AzureScapeGoat
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ½-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π» ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ azureScapeGoat. ΠΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ.Translate ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°:
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ | ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ.Translate #1
ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ Π²Π΅Π·Π΄Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ» ΡΠΌΡΡΠ» Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ!
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ! ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅.
- We know, youβre a marxist blogger from Sweden. Could you tell us about your social status and your job? Or at least, the kind of job? (worker, businessman, social worker, R&D etc)
I'm in university, studying mainly history and philosophy. I've had some work experience as a high school social studies (a broad subject for politics, society, and the humanities in general) and history teacher.
- ΠΡ Π·Π½Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΡΠ°-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ? ΠΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: Π― ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ. Π£ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ (ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ) Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ (ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌ. ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅).
2. What led you to marxism? Do you consider yourself a communist, socialist or someone else?
I grew up in a village (with a population around 200) which was pretty conservative, and as a result I had many backwards ideas concerning race, sex, class, and so on. When I started middle school (age 11-12) we moved to Gothenburg, a city of >500,000 people. My prejudiced views were quickly challenged and I realized I had much more in common with women, gay people, black people, and everyone else that was working class than I had in common with politicians and the American corporations controlling them. I realized how reactionaries lie to the workers about who their true enemy is by blaming immigrants, racial minorities and other scapegoats for the lackluster healthcare, welfare, economy, etc. Knowing that the right-wing was lying to me, it was easy enough to find myself on the left. From there I joined a youth organization, Revolutionary Communist Youth ("Revolutionär Kommunistisk Ungdom", RKU) where I read Marx and Lenin.
2. Π§ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ? Π‘ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: Π― ΡΠΎΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΈ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π² 11-12 Π»Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ» Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΡΠ³, Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ’, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ. Π― ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ», ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡ Π»Π³ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ°Π³, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ», ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π»Π³ΡΡ, ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈ Π² Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠΉ Π»Π°Π³Π΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«Π Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΡΒ», Π ΠΠ£, ("Revolutionär Kommunistisk Ungdom", RKU), Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π» ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°.
3. What languages do you understand?
Swedish, English, and Japanese. I think linguistics and culture are very interesting but I'm not very good at actually learning languages. If I could learn languages easily I think I'd try to learn them all.
3. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: Π¨Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π±Ρ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π±Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅.
4. Which sources do you use when you write scripts (websites, channels, literature)? How do you get them?
It depends on the topic of the video, but in general I try to ask people who I know are knowledgeable about a subject for help in finding good sources. So for example, for my videos on Cuba I talked to Cuban people I know and they provided me with some literature. I also have access to a lot of literature through my university library. The most convenient source for socialist theory is Marxists.org, which I've used for years.
4. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ, Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°)? ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΡΠ±Ρ, Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ΅-ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π°ΠΌ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ. Π‘Π°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ β ΡΠ°ΠΉΡ Marxists.org, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ.
5. We translated your video on planned economy. How did you gather information? Have you changed your position on this subject since then?
I actually didn't spend a lot of time on that video in particular, so most of it was just from the top of my head. I have a list of sources that I used for the video, but I think they're mostly relating to soviet nostalgia (in addition to this article, which I honestly can't remember why I listed as a source)
5. ΠΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ? ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅, Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ. Π£ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π (Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» Π΅Π΅ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²).
6. Do you think that modern capital widely uses the planned economy or its mechanisms? Why do you think so?
The economy is always planned by someone, the question is who does the planning and for whose benefit? I don't subscribe to the idea of "market anarchy", that the market is some sort of entropic force unable to coordinate itself. The oligarchs who run the market, the ones who own the monopolies and lobby the politicians, know perfectly well what they're doing, and they are planning the economy in exactly the way which best suits them. Monopolies don't compete with each other, they coordinate and plan for the mutual exploitation of the proletariat. We've seen under the Covid-19 pandemic how millions of people have lost their jobs and their homes, while the bourgeoisie have only gotten richer. This is not a coincidence or an unfortunate accident, the market will always put profit over human lives and well-being. The market has no qualms about sending people to their deaths if it helps the stocks grow, and that is a planned outcome. The ruthless pursuit of profit is not mindless, it is cunning and wicked.
6. Π‘ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ, ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ?
ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ΅ΠΌ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ; Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π― Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ "ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΈ", ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ β ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»Π°, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ, ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΡΠΎ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠ±Π±ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄-19 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅, Π° Π±ΡΡΠΆΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅.ΠΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ; ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ β Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ΅Π·ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·Π΄ΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π»Π°Ρ.
7. Could you distinguish different periods in the economy of the USSR? What period is βthe most communistβ for you? What drawbacks did it have?
I think there are a lot more interesting analyses to be made about the USSR than which decade was the "most communist". Each of the "eras"βLenin's, Stalin's, Khrushchev's, Brezhnev's, and Gorbachev'sβhad both positive and negative aspects. I think the most idealistic period (in the colloquial sense) was Lenin's; he had made a new country which was for all the workers, something almost unheard of in modern european history. And not just some tiny peasant revolt in the countryside somewhere, it was all of Russia! There were so many possibilities and I think everyone was anxious to see what the socialist experiment would accomplish. Unfortunately, I think the "experimental" period ended rather quickly and gave way to ruthless pragmatism, political feuds, and creeping bureaucratization. Not to mention all the external factors which contributed to this change, not least of which the failure of the revolutions of 1917-1923, which had broken out across Europe (including in Germany and Finland). The Soviet Union was met with open hostility from the entire capitalist world and found itself very isolated. After World War 2, however, we start seeing USSR sponsor anti-colonialist liberation movements across the world, which I think was very commendable. There aren't a lot of positive things I can say about Khrushchev but at least he backed Fidel Castro.
7. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ? ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ "Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ"? ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ?
Π― Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π‘Π‘Π‘Π , ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ βΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌβ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· βΡΠΏΠΎΡ β β Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠ±Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ β Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π² Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅. ΠΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ (Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅) ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ» Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ; ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π» Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ β ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ-ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π±ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² Π³Π»ΡΡΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ! ΠΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, Π²ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, "ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ" ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ 1917-1923 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠΏΡΡ Π½ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ (Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π² ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π€ΠΈΠ½Π»ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ). Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ· ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ Π² ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ, Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ Π²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎ Π₯ΡΡΡΠ΅Π²Π΅, Π½ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π» Π€ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎ.
8. How do you explain the goods deficit in the late USSR in the 1980s?
I don't presume to know more about this topic than real scholars on Soviet history, especially those from former Soviet countries (which I am not), but if I had to take a guess I would say that the Soviet government, starting in the early 1970s, began prioritizing heavy industry and military expenditure over consumer goods, which led to economic stagnation.
8. ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π±Ρ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠ» Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π Π² 1980-Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ ?
Π― Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π±ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ (ΠΊΠΎΠΈΠΌ Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ), Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π±Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ½ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ 1970-Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ, Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π³Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
9. What are the reasons for the collapse of the USSR in your opinion?
I think there had to have been a lot of straws before the camel's back broke, and that there isn't a single event or person who can be entirely blamed. Maybe the Soviets should have done what the Chinese did and have a cultural revolution, maybe they should've introduced western social reforms and embraced "Eurocommunism"βI can't say. All I know is that the Soviet Union is gone and that's the reality we have to live in. It's had a large impact on Swedish politics, most notably through allowing the Social Democratic Party to take a hard right-turn and privatize our "Nordic Socialist" experiment. China seems to be the superpower on the rise, so perhaps that's going to have a left-wing influence for us. Who knows.
9. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Π² Π‘Π‘Π‘Π Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ; Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, β Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ β Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Ρ, ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ. Π Π°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π² Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Β«ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Β». Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΉ; Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Π΅Ρ?
10. How do you define socialism and communism (in marxist terms)?
It's unfortunate that the words have gotten so confused. I myself don't always use a consistent definition. The way I see it is: Socialism and communism are basically synonymous, they both refer to the process of evolving into a classless, moneyless, stateless society. There are stages to this process, which we might call "early-stage" and "late-stage" socialism, but I believe it was Lenin who popularized using the term "socialism" to refer to the lower stage and the term "communism" to refer to the higher stage. Of course there are also social democrats who claim the word "socialism" to mean "social justice within the framework of a capitalist economy", but I think that just makes everything too confusing.
10. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ (Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ )?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΠ°Π»Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°. Π― ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΆΡ: ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ β ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡ: ΠΎΠ±Π° ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅Π³, Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°ΡΡ Β«ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉΒ» ΠΈ Β«ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉΒ» ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ, ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Β«ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΒ» ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Β«ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΒ» β ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Β«ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΒ» ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Β«ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Β», Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ.
11. Do you think that there was socialism in the USSR?
I think there was enough socialism that any differences between it and "real socialism" would be merely pedantic.
11. Π‘ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π‘Π‘Π‘Π Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: Π― ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π Π±ΡΠ» Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Β«Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌΒ» Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ.
12. Are you interested in the more elaborate study of the Soviet Union and other Soviet Republics? Maybe you have some specific questions in mind, some mysteries youβre trying to solve?
Studying the USSR and other socialist nations throughout history is beneficial to modern Marxists for several reasons, for the simple reason that it is necessary to learn from socialism's past successes and failures. What worked, what didn't, what we should try to implement again, and what is best left in the past. Soviet history can serve as an inspiration, both intellectually and for morale, for the contemporary international socialist movement. That said, I think this study can go too far and turn into a kind of history worship, or history fetishism, where we find ourselves so stuck in the past that we can't see the present or consider the future.
12. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ? ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ, Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ, Π·Π°Π³Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π» Π±Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π³Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½; Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π² Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΄ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π΅.
13. Have you studied philosophy and how long? Do you find it useful for yourself, for doing research, for organizing?
Yes, both as a hobby and at university. I find it interesting, and I hope it can be useful.
13. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π» Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ? ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°, ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎ? ΠΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ-ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΠ°, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π», ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π±ΠΈ, ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ, Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ.
14. Can you name good modern marxist scholars? Maybe some developers of dialectical materialism or other parts of marxism?
David Graeber, although nominally an anarchist and not a Marxist, was one of the most influential leftist thinkers of our time, at least in the west. There has also been a lot of useful economic analysis done by Korean economist Ha-Joon Chang, which I've enjoyed. I should also mention the Jamaican/British sociologist and Marxist Stuart Hall, who wrote the wonderful book "Familiar Stranger: A Life Between Two Islands" together with Bill Schwarz.
14. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ -ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²? ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠΎ, ΠΊΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅, Π±ΡΠ» ΠΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΡΡΠ±Π΅Ρ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ, Π° Π°Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ° Π₯Π° ΠΠΆΡΠ½ Π§Π°Π½Π³Π°. ΠΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ° Π‘ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π₯ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρ Β«ΠΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΉ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ: ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈΒ» (Familiar Stranger: A Life Between Two Islands) Π² ΡΠΎΠ°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ²Π΅ Ρ ΠΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π¨Π²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ.
15. Do you know any Marxist organizations or social clubs in Sweden or in other European countries?
There are many, though the left is very split. Every tendency, from Marxism to Leninism, Trotskyism, Anti-Revisionism, Maoism, and so on, has their own little club where they sit and stew in anger about how all the other left-wing parties are the wrong kind of leftists and they refuse to work together. Every now and then a popular left-wing movement comes out of nowhere and gains mainstream popularity, and I'm cautiously optimistic that the left will grow strong in the coming years.
15. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°Π΅ΡΡ Π² Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ. Π£ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π±ΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡ, Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΡΡΡ, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠ°ΠΎΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅, Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½ΡΠ΄ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ.
16. Could you describe to us the politics of Sweden? Are the left wing parties really left (or just in mottos)? Is there a legal communist party and is it really communist?
I wrote an article that I think summarizes it pretty well in The People's Herald.
16. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ? ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ β ΡΡΠΎ Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ? ΠΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π»Π΅Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: Π ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½-ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ βThe Peopleβs Heraldβ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π» ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ.
17. What is the economic situation in Sweden?
Regulations have been loosened every year since 1980, there are no jobs, pensions are low, everyone has chronic stress and anxiety and is ready for the world to end. So, a fairly standard western European service economy.
17. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π² Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ 1980, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°. Π ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³.
18. What are the reasons for the well-being of Swedish people/for the possibility of Scandinavian socialism? Is the life of the common people getting better now?
There was a time when social security could be afforded the common Scandinavian worker, thanks to the slave labor we utilize in third world countries, but now even that is eroding. I don't think life is getting better in any real, measurable way.
18. Π ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²/ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°? Π£Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ-ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
19. What are the most profitable industries in Sweden?
Once upon a time I might have said telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, forestry, iron, and steel; but now it's all banking, finance, and retail. Bullshit jobs that don't create anything.
19. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ Π² Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°-ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΠΊΡ, Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ». ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ.
20. What sources could you advise on these topics?
The Central Bureau of Statistics (Statistiska centralbyrån, SCB) is a government agency that produces official statistics on basically any topic, including (and perhaps especially) on the economy. You can find the English version of their website here.
20. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ Π±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: Π Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ (Statistiska centralbyrån, SCB), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ (ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅, Π½Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ) ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ° Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ.
21. Do you think that the weak monarchy is beneficial or detrimental for the capitalist economy?
I thought about this question for a while but I honestly don't think the monarchy matters much at all. Most people hardly ever even think about the monarchy and I myself regularly forget we still have one. I think we would still be in pretty much the same condition if we became a republic tomorrow.
21. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡ, Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: Π― ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΡΠ» Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ, Π½Π΅ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΡ-ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ²Π°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ Π½Π°Ρ Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Ρ Π½Π°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ.
22. What are the views of your mates on politics and economy?
Most are apolitical, some are social democrats, a few are socialists, one or two are on the right.
22. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ β ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ β ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ, Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π΄Π²ΡΡ β ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ.
23. Do the elections in Sweden important for the people? Should one take part in voting in your opinion?
There is no real reason not to take part in the elections, but I think more effort should be spend on outer-parliamentary activity (establishing dual power, worker communes, taking direct action to empower the workers instead of petitioning the government to do it).
23. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ Π² Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ? ΠΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: Π Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅Ρ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ: ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π² ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ , β Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ.
24. Does the voting make sense? Or is the winner determined beforehand by the organizers? If not, how is the impartiality provided?
Like most political systems which involve parties the whole thing easily turns into a sports match, where everyone is rooting for their own color and not thinking about the policies. People know the parties as characters on TV and not as true political actors. The voting itself is fair, it's a more or less representative system, but no one ends up happy with it in the end.
24. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»? ΠΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π°? ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π·ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΠ°ΠΊ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ, Π° ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠ΄ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ°, Π° Π½Π΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ, Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎ.
25. Is the labor movement strong in Sweden nowadays? What examples could you bring to us? Which positive and negative factors could you name for the labor movement?
For a long time the trade unions were brought to heel by the Social Democratic Party, and the most radical unions were declawed and made into "workplace bargaining organizations". The whole system is built on class collaboration and "equality" between employer and employee (in Swedish they're referred to literally as "job-giver" and "job-taker"), and there are even "unions" for bosses and managers whose sole purpose is to bargain with unions and get them to concede to fewer benefits and lower pay. Some of the largest unions have recently begun to be more critical of the Social Democrats, but then two new anti-strike and anti-protest laws were introduced which limit them, and especially limit smaller unions, and their ability to do activism.
25. ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π² Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅? ΠΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ? ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°ΡΡ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ·Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Β«ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Β» Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° (ΠΏΠΎ-ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Β«Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΒ» ΠΈ Β«Π±Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΒ»), Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Β«ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ·ΡΒ» Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ β ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ·Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π·Π°Π±Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ·Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
26. Which channels and websites could you advise for our viewers?
I stream on Twitch with a group called The Materialists. We're a diverse group of communists who mainly talk about politics but plenty of us play games too, and we often collaborate and appear on each other's streams.
26. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: Π― Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡ Π½Π° Twitch Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ The Materialists. Π£ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ³ΡΡ, ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ ΠΊ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡ.
27. Would you like to visit Russia one day?
Yes, I think I would like to take the trans-siberian railway one day. Russia is a very beautiful country that I would love to see for myself.
27. Π₯ΠΎΡΠ΅Π» Π±Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°-Π½ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅Ρ Π°ΡΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ?
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ: ΠΠ°, Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅Ρ Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π’ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ±Ρ. Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ β ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π±Ρ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
